Russia’s Environmental Operator Proposes Raising Eco Levies on E-Cigarette Manufacturers: “Fee-Driven Remediation” for Hazardous Waste

Key Points

• Why raise the levy: Disposable e-cigarettes are complex in structure, contain multiple materials, and lack a unified disposal standard—making recovery difficult and costly.
• Environmental risks: When batteries become damp and degrade, they can release harmful substances that pollute soil and water; low-grade composite plastics in housings are hard to recycle.
• Scale and burden: Each unit weighs about 120–250 g, including a battery of roughly 50 g; millions are sold nationwide each year, with many ending up in landfills.
• Disposal bottlenecks: Units require manual disassembly that can take nearly one hour per device, creating “negative unit economics” for processors and discouraging acceptance.
• Policy pathway: Higher eco levies → earmarked subsidies for disposal companies → cover disassembly and safe-handling costs, thereby fostering a recycling industry.
• Latest developments: REO has begun consultations on optimizing levy rates; enforcement and public education are being advanced in parallel.

2Firsts, September 25, 2025 — According to Mosregtoday, REO has proposed increasing the eco levy on companies that produce and import e-cigarettes to break the governance deadlock posed by disposables that are “hard to recycle, costly, and risky.” REO’s press office notes that Russia currently lacks a unified disposal standard; e-cigarettes typically comprise multiple plastics and metals, electronic components, and a battery. A single unit weighs about 120–250 g, of which the battery is around 50 g. With millions of units sold annually nationwide, large volumes ultimately channel into landfill.

On the environmental front, e-cigarette housings are often made of low-quality composite plastics that are difficult to reclaim, while moisture-affected batteries can release harmful substances that pose persistent threats to soil and water—potentially taking centuries to degrade. Operationally, manual disassembly remains the primary method, taking up to nearly an hour per device, which results in loss-making economics for compliant processors and weakens collection incentives.

REO argues that increasing the eco levy and channeling the proceeds to disposal firms would cover the real costs of disassembly, sorting, and safe treatment—creating a “fee-driven remediation” incentive that in turn pushes producers to improve recyclable design and invest in collection networks. REO says it is working with relevant industry organizations to optimize the levy structure and disbursement mechanism.

Regulatory measures are tightening in parallel. Reports have indicated that Russia will increase fines for smoking in stairwells tenfold, aiming to reduce the social and environmental risks of “toxic tobacco-related waste” from both the source and the end of life. Industry observers expect that as eco levies rise and disposal subsidies take effect, recycling capacity and standardized disassembly will gradually scale up; in the near term, however, attention is still needed to the spillover risks of illegal dumping and informal workshop dismantling.

The Russian Environmental Operator is a public-law company established by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 14, 2019.