Research Finds High Levels of Flavor Chemicals in Tobacco E-cigarettes

Nov.07.2022
Research Finds High Levels of Flavor Chemicals in Tobacco E-cigarettes
A study found that tobacco-flavored e-cigarette products contain high levels of flavoring chemicals, some of which have unknown inhalation toxicity.

The latest discovery comes amid the announcement by the US FDA to ban the sale of mint and non-tobacco flavors in pod vapes. In order to determine whether e-cigarettes marketed as having a "tobacco flavor" contain chemical substances such as sweet flavors and fruit flavors, researchers used a database that contained information on the chemical composition and levels of additives in e-liquids since 2010 to identify trends and changes.


A group of researchers compared the quantity and types of flavoring chemicals found in 63 different tobacco-flavored e-cigarette refill fluids and two popular e-cigarette brands, Juul and Puff, sold between 2011 and 2019. They discovered that there were almost no flavoring chemicals present in tobacco-flavored products purchased in 2010 and 2011.


Nearly two-thirds (63%) of flavoring chemicals in e-cigarette liquids purchased prior to 2019 contained less than 2 milligrams per milliliter, with the majority (84%) containing less than 5 milligrams per milliliter.


The total number and levels of flavoring chemicals in the "tobacco-flavored" e-liquid and Puff Bar tobacco-flavored electronic cigarettes purchased in 2019 were higher than expected.


In 2019, over half (54%) of the 13 supplement products purchased contained a total flavoring chemical content greater than 10 milligrams/milliliter. Products with a total seasoning chemical exceeding 10 milligrams/milliliter contained 1 to 5 major seasoning chemicals (each exceeding 1 milligram/milliliter).


The five most commonly used flavoring chemicals in "tobacco-flavored" e-cigarette liquids are fruity and caramel flavors: ethyl maltol (sweet or caramel flavor, 60%); corylone (caramel, maple, 44%); menthol (33%); vanillin (25%); and maltol and glyceryl triacetate (fruit, cream flavors, 24%).


Nine different chemical substances used to create sweet and fruity flavors in products purchased in 2016 and 2019 were found to have levels exceeding 2 milligrams per milliliter.


The flavor chemical content in Juul Classic and Juul Virginia is below 0.35 milligrams per milliliter, with individual chemical content typically equaling or below 0.05 milligrams per milliliter.


According to researchers, different flavoring chemicals were intentionally added to Classic and Virginia products to create distinct tastes for each product.


On the other hand, the "tobacco-flavored" Puff Bar contains 27 different flavor chemicals, with a total content of 34.3 mg/mL. The range of individual chemicals is from 0.03 to 15 mg/mL.


A group of researchers has found that four types of chemical additives commonly used in sweet-flavored electronic cigarettes – vanillin, ethyl maltol, ethyl vanillin, and corylone – contain high levels of the compounds, ranging from 2.07 to 15 milligrams per milliliter. These additives are often found in popular e-cigarette flavors like Dewberry Cream. The researchers caution young e-cigarette users to be aware of the potential risks associated with these chemicals.


The main flavor chemicals found in these two brands were compared, and it was discovered that Puff had 300 times the amount of vanillin as Juul, and 239 times the amount of ethylvanillin, as well as 41 times the amount of caryophyllene.


The total number of flavor chemicals used in Puff Bar Tobacco exceeds the total amount of chemicals found in nearly all (94%) evaluated e-liquids.


Researchers pointed out that concerns had previously been raised regarding the safety of inhaling these high concentrations of flavor chemicals.


While the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) generally considers these specific flavors to be safe, FEMA has not yet assessed their inhalation toxicity.


Researchers said in a press release that the FDA has two reasons to identify and quantify flavoring chemicals before approving tobacco products for market (PMTA). They wrote, "Firstly, flavoring chemicals are often used in e-cigarette oils without safety data and at concentrations far higher than in other consumer products." "Secondly, our data shows that e-cigarette manufacturers are manipulating e-cigarette oil formulas, apparently to circumvent regulations on flavored chemical additives.


Statement:


This article is compiled from third-party information and is intended for industry professionals for sharing and educational purposes.


This article does not reflect the views of 2FIRSTS, and 2FIRSTS is unable to confirm the truthfulness and accuracy of the content. The translation of this article is only intended for industry exchange and research purposes.


Due to limitations in our ability to translate accurately, this article may not convey the exact same meaning as the original. Please refer to the original text for accuracy.


2FIRSTS maintains complete alignment with the Chinese government on any domestic, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, or foreign-related statements and stances.


The copyright of the compiled information belongs to the original media and author. If there is any infringement, please contact us to have it removed.



Disclaimer

This article is provided solely for professional research, industry discussion, and informational purposes. Any references to brands, companies, products, technologies, or policies are made for factual reporting and analytical purposes only, and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, promotion, or advertising by 2Firsts.

Nicotine-containing products, including but not limited to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and nicotine pouches, carry significant health risks. Readers are responsible for complying with all applicable laws and regulations in their respective jurisdictions, including age restrictions and access limitations.

The information contained in this article should not be regarded as investment, legal, medical, regulatory, or commercial advice. While 2Firsts strives to ensure the accuracy and reliability of its content, it does not assume liability for any direct or indirect loss arising from errors, omissions, inaccuracies, or reliance on the information contained herein.

This article is not intended for individuals below the legal age for accessing tobacco or nicotine-related information in their jurisdiction.

 

Copyright Notice

This article is either original content produced by 2Firsts or content reproduced, translated, summarized, or adapted from third-party sources with attribution where applicable. The intellectual property rights of the original content remain with 2Firsts or the respective original rights holders.

No individual or organization may copy, reproduce, distribute, republish, modify, translate, or otherwise use this content without prior authorization. Any unauthorized use may result in legal action.

For copyright-related inquiries, corrections, or removal requests, please contact: info@2firsts.com.

 

AI-Assisted Translation and Editing Notice

Portions of this article may have been translated, edited, or reviewed with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools to improve efficiency and readability. Due to the limitations of AI-assisted translation and editing, discrepancies, omissions, or inaccuracies may exist when compared with the original source.

Where applicable, readers are advised to refer to the original source for the most complete and accurate information. If you identify any errors or believe that any content infringes upon your rights, please contact us at info@2firsts.com, and we will review and address the matter promptly.

BAT CFO Dragos Constantinescu Takes Office, Returning After Seven Years and Former Asahi Europe Leadership Role
BAT CFO Dragos Constantinescu Takes Office, Returning After Seven Years and Former Asahi Europe Leadership Role
Dragos Constantinescu has officially taken up his role as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Director at British American Tobacco (BAT). He previously spent 16 years at BAT across finance and general management roles in Europe before joining Asahi in 2019 and becoming CEO of Asahi Europe & International in 2025. His return comes as BAT continues to advance its “A Better Tomorrow” transformation.
BAT
Sep.01
NAS 2026 | FDA CTP Director Says PMTA Pathway Is “Predicated on Tobacco Harm Reduction”
NAS 2026 | FDA CTP Director Says PMTA Pathway Is “Predicated on Tobacco Harm Reduction”
At the 2026 New Approaches Summit in New York, FDA Center for Tobacco Products Director Bret Koplow said the PMTA pathway is “predicated on tobacco harm reduction.” He outlined four CTP priorities: youth prevention, helping adults quit or switch to lower-risk products, improving relative-risk communication, and reducing unauthorized products. Koplow also addressed flavored e-cigarettes, public risk perceptions, industry credibility and efforts to make PMTA reviews more efficient and predictable.
Sep.26
Spain Cigarette Volumes Fall 5.2% in August, BAT Drops 14.5%, JTI Gains Share; France Down 8.3% on Adjusted Basis
Spain Cigarette Volumes Fall 5.2% in August, BAT Drops 14.5%, JTI Gains Share; France Down 8.3% on Adjusted Basis
Spain's cigarette volumes declined 5.2% year over year in August 2026, according to government data cited by UBS and reported by Investing.com on October 7. British American Tobacco's volumes fell 14.5%, followed by Imperial Brands at 8.8%, Philip Morris International at 6.6% and Japan Tobacco at 4.6%. JTI was the only one of the four companies to gain cigarette market share, rising six basis points to 26.7%. In France, official customs data showed an unadjusted 3.7% decline in cigarette deliveries. Adjusting for the difference in delivery days produces a decline of approximately 8.3%, consistent with the UBS figure. The bank also estimated the earnings exposure of major tobacco companies to both markets.
Market
Oct.13
Philippines Customs Seizes PHP11.68 Billion($200 Million) in Illegal Tobacco and Vapes in First Seven Months of 2026
Philippines Customs Seizes PHP11.68 Billion($200 Million) in Illegal Tobacco and Vapes in First Seven Months of 2026
Philippines Customs data showed that illegal cigarettes and vape products seized during the first seven months of 2026 were valued at about PHP11.68 billion, exceeding the PHP2.516 billion recorded for the full year of 2025. The figures were disclosed by a Bureau of Customs official during a House Committee on Ways and Means hearing on tobacco excise tax reforms. Vape-related seizures were valued at about PHP1.65 billion, with most cases recorded at the Manila International Container Port. Customs officials said enforcement against illicit tobacco trade would continue.
Aug.26
Philippines Mandates Safety Certification for Nicotine Pouches, Gives Industry 12 Months to Comply
Philippines Mandates Safety Certification for Nicotine Pouches, Gives Industry 12 Months to Comply
The Philippines Department of Trade and Industry has placed nicotine pouches under mandatory product certification through Department Administrative Order No. 26-07, Series of 2026. Nicotine pouches must obtain a Philippine Standard, or PS, license before they can be manufactured, imported, packed, distributed or sold in the country. The regime requires testing for nicotine content, pH and water activity, while packaging must disclose nicotine strength, ingredients, allergens, batch information, the PS certification mark and prescribed health warnings. Existing market participants have a 12-month transition period to comply.
Regulations
Oct.12
EU Tobacco Tax Reform Targets November Push as Sweden Holds Nicotine-Pouch Minimum at €20 per Kilogram
EU Tobacco Tax Reform Targets November Push as Sweden Holds Nicotine-Pouch Minimum at €20 per Kilogram
The Irish presidency of the Council of the European Union is using bilateral talks to push the bloc’s Tobacco Taxation Directive toward a political agreement in November. According to Law360, citing an EU official, Sweden is unwilling to accept a minimum excise threshold above €20 per kilogram for nicotine pouches. Council negotiations have already lowered the European Commission’s original proposal, but a May 2026 presidency compromise still set the minimum at 10% of the tax-inclusive retail price or €30 per kilogram in 2028-29, with higher levels later.
Market
Sep.17 by 2Firsts Perspectives