Research Finds High Levels of Flavor Chemicals in Tobacco E-cigarettes

Nov.07.2022
Research Finds High Levels of Flavor Chemicals in Tobacco E-cigarettes
A study found that tobacco-flavored e-cigarette products contain high levels of flavoring chemicals, some of which have unknown inhalation toxicity.

The latest discovery comes amid the announcement by the US FDA to ban the sale of mint and non-tobacco flavors in pod vapes. In order to determine whether e-cigarettes marketed as having a "tobacco flavor" contain chemical substances such as sweet flavors and fruit flavors, researchers used a database that contained information on the chemical composition and levels of additives in e-liquids since 2010 to identify trends and changes.


A group of researchers compared the quantity and types of flavoring chemicals found in 63 different tobacco-flavored e-cigarette refill fluids and two popular e-cigarette brands, Juul and Puff, sold between 2011 and 2019. They discovered that there were almost no flavoring chemicals present in tobacco-flavored products purchased in 2010 and 2011.


Nearly two-thirds (63%) of flavoring chemicals in e-cigarette liquids purchased prior to 2019 contained less than 2 milligrams per milliliter, with the majority (84%) containing less than 5 milligrams per milliliter.


The total number and levels of flavoring chemicals in the "tobacco-flavored" e-liquid and Puff Bar tobacco-flavored electronic cigarettes purchased in 2019 were higher than expected.


In 2019, over half (54%) of the 13 supplement products purchased contained a total flavoring chemical content greater than 10 milligrams/milliliter. Products with a total seasoning chemical exceeding 10 milligrams/milliliter contained 1 to 5 major seasoning chemicals (each exceeding 1 milligram/milliliter).


The five most commonly used flavoring chemicals in "tobacco-flavored" e-cigarette liquids are fruity and caramel flavors: ethyl maltol (sweet or caramel flavor, 60%); corylone (caramel, maple, 44%); menthol (33%); vanillin (25%); and maltol and glyceryl triacetate (fruit, cream flavors, 24%).


Nine different chemical substances used to create sweet and fruity flavors in products purchased in 2016 and 2019 were found to have levels exceeding 2 milligrams per milliliter.


The flavor chemical content in Juul Classic and Juul Virginia is below 0.35 milligrams per milliliter, with individual chemical content typically equaling or below 0.05 milligrams per milliliter.


According to researchers, different flavoring chemicals were intentionally added to Classic and Virginia products to create distinct tastes for each product.


On the other hand, the "tobacco-flavored" Puff Bar contains 27 different flavor chemicals, with a total content of 34.3 mg/mL. The range of individual chemicals is from 0.03 to 15 mg/mL.


A group of researchers has found that four types of chemical additives commonly used in sweet-flavored electronic cigarettes – vanillin, ethyl maltol, ethyl vanillin, and corylone – contain high levels of the compounds, ranging from 2.07 to 15 milligrams per milliliter. These additives are often found in popular e-cigarette flavors like Dewberry Cream. The researchers caution young e-cigarette users to be aware of the potential risks associated with these chemicals.


The main flavor chemicals found in these two brands were compared, and it was discovered that Puff had 300 times the amount of vanillin as Juul, and 239 times the amount of ethylvanillin, as well as 41 times the amount of caryophyllene.


The total number of flavor chemicals used in Puff Bar Tobacco exceeds the total amount of chemicals found in nearly all (94%) evaluated e-liquids.


Researchers pointed out that concerns had previously been raised regarding the safety of inhaling these high concentrations of flavor chemicals.


While the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) generally considers these specific flavors to be safe, FEMA has not yet assessed their inhalation toxicity.


Researchers said in a press release that the FDA has two reasons to identify and quantify flavoring chemicals before approving tobacco products for market (PMTA). They wrote, "Firstly, flavoring chemicals are often used in e-cigarette oils without safety data and at concentrations far higher than in other consumer products." "Secondly, our data shows that e-cigarette manufacturers are manipulating e-cigarette oil formulas, apparently to circumvent regulations on flavored chemical additives.


Statement:


This article is compiled from third-party information and is intended for industry professionals for sharing and educational purposes.


This article does not reflect the views of 2FIRSTS, and 2FIRSTS is unable to confirm the truthfulness and accuracy of the content. The translation of this article is only intended for industry exchange and research purposes.


Due to limitations in our ability to translate accurately, this article may not convey the exact same meaning as the original. Please refer to the original text for accuracy.


2FIRSTS maintains complete alignment with the Chinese government on any domestic, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, or foreign-related statements and stances.


The copyright of the compiled information belongs to the original media and author. If there is any infringement, please contact us to have it removed.



Disclaimer

This article is provided solely for professional research, industry discussion, and informational purposes. Any references to brands, companies, products, technologies, or policies are made for factual reporting and analytical purposes only, and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, promotion, or advertising by 2Firsts.

Nicotine-containing products, including but not limited to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and nicotine pouches, carry significant health risks. Readers are responsible for complying with all applicable laws and regulations in their respective jurisdictions, including age restrictions and access limitations.

The information contained in this article should not be regarded as investment, legal, medical, regulatory, or commercial advice. While 2Firsts strives to ensure the accuracy and reliability of its content, it does not assume liability for any direct or indirect loss arising from errors, omissions, inaccuracies, or reliance on the information contained herein.

This article is not intended for individuals below the legal age for accessing tobacco or nicotine-related information in their jurisdiction.

 

Copyright Notice

This article is either original content produced by 2Firsts or content reproduced, translated, summarized, or adapted from third-party sources with attribution where applicable. The intellectual property rights of the original content remain with 2Firsts or the respective original rights holders.

No individual or organization may copy, reproduce, distribute, republish, modify, translate, or otherwise use this content without prior authorization. Any unauthorized use may result in legal action.

For copyright-related inquiries, corrections, or removal requests, please contact: info@2firsts.com.

 

AI-Assisted Translation and Editing Notice

Portions of this article may have been translated, edited, or reviewed with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools to improve efficiency and readability. Due to the limitations of AI-assisted translation and editing, discrepancies, omissions, or inaccuracies may exist when compared with the original source.

Where applicable, readers are advised to refer to the original source for the most complete and accurate information. If you identify any errors or believe that any content infringes upon your rights, please contact us at info@2firsts.com, and we will review and address the matter promptly.

FDA Grants PMTA Authorization to 11 ZYN ULTRA Nicotine Pouches, Bringing Total Authorized Pouches to 43
FDA Grants PMTA Authorization to 11 ZYN ULTRA Nicotine Pouches, Bringing Total Authorized Pouches to 43
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized 11 ZYN ULTRA nicotine pouch products made by Swedish Match USA through the premarket tobacco product application pathway on August 21, 2026. Ten of the authorized products have a labeled nicotine content of 9 mg, while ZYN ULTRA Smooth was authorized at 11 mg. The reviews were conducted through FDA’s nicotine pouch PMTA pilot program. FDA has now authorized 43 nicotine pouch products, including 23 through the pilot.
Aug.24
As JUUL2 Wins FDA Authorization, Harm Reduction Journal Highlights the Role of Real-World Evidence in Nicotine Product Regulation
As JUUL2 Wins FDA Authorization, Harm Reduction Journal Highlights the Role of Real-World Evidence in Nicotine Product Regulation
A commentary published in the international open-access, peer-reviewed Harm Reduction Journal argues that randomized controlled trials remain central to evaluating smoking cessation efficacy but cannot alone capture real-world uptake, complete switching, longer-term use and population impact of non-combustible nicotine products such as e-cigarettes, heated tobacco and nicotine pouches. The authors frame impact as “reach × efficacy” and call for real-world evidence to complement RCTs. Three days after publication, the FDA authorized three JUUL2 products and highlighted complete switching among adult smokers in explaining its decision, providing a timely regulatory backdrop to the debate.
Sep.08
China Tobacco Supply-Chain Leader Huabao’s Three-Way Transformation Takes Hold as Overseas Revenue Jumps 216%, Non-Flavor Businesses Reach 42.2% and the Company Expands Into Global Next-Generation Tobacco Supply Chains
China Tobacco Supply-Chain Leader Huabao’s Three-Way Transformation Takes Hold as Overseas Revenue Jumps 216%, Non-Flavor Businesses Reach 42.2% and the Company Expands Into Global Next-Generation Tobacco Supply Chains
Huabao’s H1 2026 results show the company advancing across three connected fronts: international expansion, entry into next-generation tobacco supply chains and diversification beyond its traditional tobacco-related base. Overseas revenue rose 216.08% to CNY 96.02 million, while non-flavor businesses reached 42.2% of total revenue. Huabao also said it had entered the supply chains of leading global tobacco customers, as its nutrition, food ingredient, fragrance and personal-care businesses gained ground in Europe, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. However, adjusted net profit increased only 2.78%, and next-generation tobacco revenue was not separately disclosed, showing that the transformation is reshaping revenue and customer exposure but has yet to translate fully into underlying earnings.
Aug.28
JT’s Ploom Volumes Rise 43.5% as Cigarettes Anchor Its Transition
JT’s Ploom Volumes Rise 43.5% as Cigarettes Anchor Its Transition
JT’s Ploom heated-tobacco volumes rose 43.5% in the first half of 2026, while combustibles still represented about 97% of its tobacco volume and remained the main earnings base. In Japan, reduced-risk products now account for 48.7% of industry shipments, shifting competition from category adoption towards brand share, pricing and consumer retention. JT’s results offer a revealing case of a traditional tobacco company pursuing a prolonged, dual-track transformation.
JTI
Jul.30
PMI Global R&D Chief Meets Chinese Tobacco Regulator as China Advances Heated Cigarette Standards
PMI Global R&D Chief Meets Chinese Tobacco Regulator as China Advances Heated Cigarette Standards
Philip Morris International’s global R&D chief Michele Cattoni met Liu Sanjiang, deputy director of China’s State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, in Beijing on Aug. 27. The meeting comes as China advances mandatory standards for heated cigarettes and nicotine pouches, laying groundwork for their domestic introduction. Cattoni has held senior roles in PMI’s heated tobacco development, while China’s draft standard covers multiple heating architectures, including systems similar in principle to PMI’s IQOS ILUMA technology.
Aug.27
BAT Regional Director Fred Monteiro Supports Spain’s Nicotine Rules but Opposes 0.99mg Nicotine Pouch Limit
BAT Regional Director Fred Monteiro Supports Spain’s Nicotine Rules but Opposes 0.99mg Nicotine Pouch Limit
Spanish newspaper El Confidencial interviewed Fred Monteiro, Regional Director for Americas and Europe at British American Tobacco (BAT). Monteiro said BAT supports setting regulatory limits for nicotine products but opposes Spain’s proposed 0.99mg nicotine-per-pouch limit, arguing that such a restriction could affect adult smokers’ transition to alternatives. He said nicotine regulation should be based on scientific evidence and harm reduction principles. Monteiro also said smoke-free products now account for around 25% of BAT’s Americas and Europe business and nearly 30% of its Europe business
BAT
Jul.30