Stanford Study Shows Americans Inhaling Unintended Substances

Jun.02.2022
Stanford Study Shows Americans Inhaling Unintended Substances
A new study from Stanford University reveals that Americans are vaping non-nicotine substances, which can harm the lungs.

According to a report by FUTURITY website, a new study conducted by Stanford University reveals that Americans are consuming substances they never thought of inhaling before, including melatonin, essential oils, tea, vitamins, caffeine, and other non-nicotine substances.

 

This survey questioned the usage habits of over 6,000 adolescents, young adults, and adults aged 13-40. It is the first nationwide sample survey on the intake of non-nicotine products.

 

Scientists say that while some non-nicotine substances may be safe for ingestion, inhaling them through vaporization may harm the lungs. Chemicals, solvents, and flavors found in non-nicotine vaping products also exist in nicotine vaping products and have been shown to have harmful effects unrelated to nicotine.

 

According to Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a professor of pediatrics at Stanford University School of Medicine and a senior author of a paper on the online edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association, "Our most striking finding was that nearly 14% of youths and 24% of young adults had used non-nicotine electronic cigarettes.

 

Non-nicotine electronic cigarettes currently evade regulation by the Food and Drug Administration for nicotine e-cigarettes or intake supplements, which means there are no restrictions on the equipment, ingredients, or marketing of these products. Additionally, there is no age limit for purchasing these products. According to Halpern-Felsher, many sellers make unfounded health claims, making electronic cigarettes appear safe to both youth and adults, despite their safety never being tested.

 

According to Halpern-Felsher, "Anything that is purchased, heated, and inhaled without a prescription is harmful to your lungs.

 

Investigation reveals

 

Researchers surveyed teenagers, young adults, and adults living across the United States, focusing on four age groups: 13-17, 18-20, 21-24, and 25-40. These groups represent different stages of development: early adolescence, young adulthood below the legal age for nicotine e-cigarette sales, prefrontal brain maturation during young adulthood, and adulthood. Participants' gender, race, and ethnicity were representative of the US population.

 

Participants answered questions about their use of non-nicotine electronic cigarettes, nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes, and combustible cigarettes. The survey asked if participants had ever used these products, if they had used them recently, and the timing of their first use of each product. The survey also included questions about usage patterns, specific brands, preferred flavors, and ingredients used in non-nicotine vaping devices.

 

Overall, approximately 26% of participants reported trying non-nicotine e-cigarettes, with nearly 17% reporting use within the past 30 days and approximately 12% within the past 7 days. Usage varied according to age, with the 21-24 year old group reporting the highest proportion of non-nicotine use (approximately 38%), followed by the 25-40 year old group at nearly 33%.

 

Approximately 14% of 13 to 17-year-olds and 24% of 18 to 20-year-olds have reported trying non-nicotine electronic cigarettes, with more than half of those individuals using these devices multiple times. On average, participants reported trying non-nicotine e-cigarettes at a younger age than nicotine e-cigarettes, raising concerns that non-nicotine devices could be a pathway to using nicotine-containing products.

 

What substances are people inhaling?

 

Many young survey participants are unaware of what they are vaping. Approximately 24% of teenagers aged 13 to 17 and 19% of young adults aged 18 to 20 reported that they do not know what is in the non-nicotine e-cigarettes they use.

 

Popular substances for consumption among teenagers and young people include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active compound found in marijuana. Other substances include melatonin, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive derivative of marijuana, essential oils, caffeine, and tea.

 

Among adults aged 25-40, caffeine, vitamin B, tea, and tetrahydrocannabinol are all popular. A complete list of substances found in non-nicotine electronic cigarettes includes vitamin C, lavender, essential oils, propylene glycol, glycerin, and other flavorings.

 

Halpern-Felsher stated that while the use of marijuana compounds isn't surprising, the popularity of other substances is unexpected and concerning.

 

The Food and Drug Administration has designated certain chemicals added to food, including vitamins and some flavorings, as "generally recognized as safe." However, this is not always the case.

 

According to Halpern-Felsher, the designation of GRAS (an indicator used by the US FDA to evaluate safety of food additives) means that certain things are safe to consume or use as a skin cream. However, there is a significant difference when it comes to inhaling aerosols produced by heating substances. This is where it affects your lungs.

 

Halpern-Felsher emphasized that the safety and potential risks or side effects of inhaling these substances are still not clear. Furthermore, non-nicotine e-cigarettes share common ingredients with nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, such as propylene glycol, glycerin, and flavoring compounds, all of which are known to be harmful to the lungs.

 

Unknown dangers

 

Halpern-Felsher has stated that for several common substances that are smoked, our existing knowledge of their chemical properties indicates that they pose harm to the lungs, and consumers should remain cautious.

 

She said, 'We really need toxicologists and other scientists to help us understand the impact of these chemicals on our bodies and by what mechanisms.' For example, she noted that excessive amounts of vitamins can have toxic effects. Pulmonary surfactants are oily substances produced by the body to lubricate lung air sacs. Inhaling evaporated fatty substances, such as essential oils, glycerin (a common ingredient in all e-cigarettes), and aromatic compounds, may interfere with lung function.

 

The message for everyone, especially young people, is that any inhaled aerosol, except for medication prescribed by a doctor (such as asthma treatment), could potentially be dangerous.

 

Halpern-Felsher stated, "Maintaining the health of our lungs has never been as critical as it is now during the COVID-19 pandemic.

 

She hopes that these findings will stimulate policy changes to better regulate the electronic cigarette industry, especially in terms of protecting youth.

 

We cannot allow non-nicotine products to be available for purchase in the open market anymore, especially considering the fact that young people are sharing and inhaling them without knowing what substances they contain. We need regulation and labelling measures to ensure that these products do not end up in the hands of young people.

 

Source: FUTURITY.

 


Disclaimer

This article is provided solely for professional research, industry discussion, and informational purposes. Any references to brands, companies, products, technologies, or policies are made for factual reporting and analytical purposes only, and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, promotion, or advertising by 2Firsts.

Nicotine-containing products, including but not limited to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and nicotine pouches, carry significant health risks. Readers are responsible for complying with all applicable laws and regulations in their respective jurisdictions, including age restrictions and access limitations.

The information contained in this article should not be regarded as investment, legal, medical, regulatory, or commercial advice. While 2Firsts strives to ensure the accuracy and reliability of its content, it does not assume liability for any direct or indirect loss arising from errors, omissions, inaccuracies, or reliance on the information contained herein.

This article is not intended for individuals below the legal age for accessing tobacco or nicotine-related information in their jurisdiction.

 

Copyright Notice

This article is either original content produced by 2Firsts or content reproduced, translated, summarized, or adapted from third-party sources with attribution where applicable. The intellectual property rights of the original content remain with 2Firsts or the respective original rights holders.

No individual or organization may copy, reproduce, distribute, republish, modify, translate, or otherwise use this content without prior authorization. Any unauthorized use may result in legal action.

For copyright-related inquiries, corrections, or removal requests, please contact: info@2firsts.com.

 

AI-Assisted Translation and Editing Notice

Portions of this article may have been translated, edited, or reviewed with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools to improve efficiency and readability. Due to the limitations of AI-assisted translation and editing, discrepancies, omissions, or inaccuracies may exist when compared with the original source.

Where applicable, readers are advised to refer to the original source for the most complete and accurate information. If you identify any errors or believe that any content infringes upon your rights, please contact us at info@2firsts.com, and we will review and address the matter promptly.

U.S. Ninth Circuit Upholds FDA Denial of MH Global’s Flavored Vape PMTA Applications
U.S. Ninth Circuit Upholds FDA Denial of MH Global’s Flavored Vape PMTA Applications
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the FDA’s denial of MH Global LLC’s applications to market flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The court ruled that FDA’s comparative-efficacy framework, which requires applicants to show that flavored products provide greater cessation or switching benefits than tobacco-flavored alternatives, is consistent with the Tobacco Control Act’s “appropriate for the protection of the public health” standard. The court also found that FDA was not required to establish the framework through notice-and-comment rulemaking.
Aug.26
Product | JTI Expands Ploom Ecosystem as LYO Tobacco-Free Nicotine Sticks Roll Out Across Europe
Product | JTI Expands Ploom Ecosystem as LYO Tobacco-Free Nicotine Sticks Roll Out Across Europe
Japan Tobacco International (JTI) is expanding its Ploom heated product ecosystem with LYO tobacco-free nicotine sticks. Designed specifically for Ploom devices, LYO contains nicotine but no tobacco. Public information shows that the product has gradually entered several European markets, including Spain, Portugal and Germany, and was officially introduced in Romania in July 2026. The launch highlights JTI’s efforts to explore broader nicotine consumable formats beyond traditional tobacco-based sticks.
JTI
Jul.21 by 2Firsts Perspectives
Product | BAT Expands VELO Travellers’ Collection With Mexico, Spain and Sweden Summer Edition Nicotine Pouches
Product | BAT Expands VELO Travellers’ Collection With Mexico, Spain and Sweden Summer Edition Nicotine Pouches
British American Tobacco (BAT) Global Travel Retail has expanded the VELO Travellers’ Collection with three new Summer Editions: Mexico, Spain and Sweden. Inspired by destination themes, the new nicotine pouch variants are designed for global travel-retail channels. The launch further strengthens VELO’s positioning as a travel-retail exclusive product collection.
Aug.27
Product | SnowPlus Launches Nicotine-Free DASH in South Korea, Localising an Established Disposable Platform
Product | SnowPlus Launches Nicotine-Free DASH in South Korea, Localising an Established Disposable Platform
SnowPlus has introduced a nicotine-free version of DASH in South Korea, adapting an existing overseas disposable platform for the local market. The Korean version retains the series’ flat duckbill-style mouthpiece, ceramic heating architecture and disposable form factor while reducing nicotine content to 0%. By comparison, the overseas DASH 4000 platform typically features 7.5ml of prefilled e-liquid, up to 4,000 puffs and a 530mAh rechargeable battery, with nicotine-containing variants available in some markets. The product update centers on formulation localisation rather than a new hardware generation.
Aug.31
Gallup Tracks Nicotine Pouch Use for the First Time: 11% of U.S. Adults Smoke, 9% Vape and 4% Use Nicotine Pouches
Gallup Tracks Nicotine Pouch Use for the First Time: 11% of U.S. Adults Smoke, 9% Vape and 4% Use Nicotine Pouches
Gallup’s 2026 Consumption Habits survey tracked nicotine pouch use for the first time. The survey found that 11% of U.S. adults reported smoking cigarettes in the past week, 9% reported vaping, and 4% reported using nicotine pouches. Cigarette smoking remained near Gallup’s long-term low, while adult vaping rates stayed relatively stable in recent years.
Market
Aug.25 by 2Firsts Perspectives
EU ‘TPD3’ Enters Next Phase on Aug. 14 as Fragmented Vape and Nicotine Pouch Rules Push the Single Market Toward Regulatory Overhaul
EU ‘TPD3’ Enters Next Phase on Aug. 14 as Fragmented Vape and Nicotine Pouch Rules Push the Single Market Toward Regulatory Overhaul
A 12-week European Commission consultation on revising the Tobacco Products Directive and Tobacco Advertising Directive is due to close on Aug. 14, 2026. The Commission has identified e-cigarette flavours, disposable vapes, tobacco heating devices, nicotine pouches, nicotine-free e-cigarettes, packaging and digital marketing among areas for possible new EU rules. National regulations already vary significantly across the bloc, a fragmentation the Commission says creates internal-market barriers and distorts competition. No formal revised TPD/TAD legislative text has yet been published, with the Commission currently indicating December 2026 for the legislative initiative.
Aug.14