According to a report by Newsweek on August 12, a previous study by Yale University found that some e-cigarettes may contain chemical compounds similar to nicotine that could have unknown effects on health.
These nicotine alternatives interact with receptors in the brain, without being subject to FDA restrictions and regulations. As a result, these products are able to be marketed with flavors that appeal to young people and avoid tobacco taxes.
An FDA spokesperson stated that these new chemicals may be more potent than nicotine and could potentially affect the brain development, learning abilities, and memory of adolescents.
FDA Public Affairs Specialist Jim McKinney told Newsweek that...
The FDA is addressing this issue from the perspective of the entire agency and will continue to utilize all resources within its authority to protect the public, especially American adolescents, from potentially harmful addictive products.
McKinney points out that, although more research is needed, some emerging data suggests that these nicotine analogs may be more potent than nicotine itself, which is already highly addictive, altering adolescent brain development and producing long-term effects.
According to research, nicotine analogs are chemical substances that are structurally very similar to nicotine and therefore target the same receptors in the brain. Examples include 6-methyl nicotine and nicotineamide. A study in rodents suggests that 6-methyl nicotine may be more toxic than nicotine. Furthermore, because these compounds are not subject to the same strict regulations as traditional nicotine, the ingredients listed on labels may not always match the actual ingredients in the products.
Dr. Hanno Erythropel, a scientist at the Yale School of Medicine, stated in a press release,
In conclusion, the company is actually trying to evade regulation by introducing new products containing nicotine analogues with unknown health and addiction risks.
In a study published in the journal "JAMA Network," the researcher and their colleagues analyzed two e-cigarette and e-liquid products on the market. The first product, Spree Bar, claimed to contain 5% of 6-methyl nicotine (50 milligrams/gram), while the second product, Nic-Safe, was tested at four concentrations—0, 12, 24, and 36 milligrams/milliliter.
The research results show that both products do not contain the ingredients as specified on their labels. Spree Bar actually contains 90% less 6-methyl nicotine than advertised, while Nic-Safe contains a low concentration of 6-methyl nicotine without it being clearly marked on the label (excluding tested nicotine-free products).
FDA spokesperson Mackinney said that
In general, the FDA does not comment on specific studies, but instead uses them as part of the evidence to further understand specific issues and help achieve its mission of protecting public health. Regarding nicotine mimetics, the FDA is aware that some companies are reported to be producing products that may contain compounds with chemical structures or properties different from nicotine.
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