Since electronic cigarettes replaced traditional smoking as a method of nicotine and marijuana inhalation, supporters of e-cigarettes have strongly questioned claims about the various health risks associated with them. In particular, critics have noted the increasing number of victims of EVALI, which is an acronym for "e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury." For health experts, the challenge lies in obtaining precise biochemical information about the effects of e-cigarettes on the body.
A new study, conducted by Robert Strongin of Portland State University, along with doctoral students Kaelas Munger and Robert Jensen, has revealed that when acetic acid ester present in cannabis e-cigarette products is heated, it produces a toxic gas called ketene.
According to a study, electronic cigarettes can cause brain inflammation which may be influenced by their flavor.
In their research, a group of scientists studied how much chlorobutene was produced by an electronic cigarette product. They focused on certain acetic cannabinoids such as acetic delta-8 THC, which is not regulated by the FDA and is believed to make marijuana more potent. They discovered that chlorobutene was formed at lower temperatures than previously thought and accumulated to levels that can be harmful to an individual's health.
Munger explained that our biggest concern is long-term exposure - we don't know what that is, which is why research like ours is necessary. Otherwise, people would be exposed to this highly toxic substance.
The American Chemical Society describes chlorobutene as "a colorless, toxic gas with permeation properties." A study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2020 found that when studied in animals, chlorobutene "reportedly causes severe, acute lung injury." This study laid the groundwork for determining that when vitamin E acetate is aerosolized in e-cigarettes to produce the toxic gas chlorobutene, a reaction occurs. However, the researchers added that "confirming chlorobutene derived from vitamin E acetate as the pathogen of EVALI requires strict clinical investigations.
Although it is known that chloroprene is toxic and highly dangerous, it is difficult to directly study its effects on the human body.
Strongin explained through email that there is currently a trend to chemically modify legal marijuana products to produce semi-synthetic cannabinoids with enhanced performance. He stated that this is not inherently dangerous; some of the resulting products may actually have no higher health risks.
According to Strongin, it is clear to any responsible chemist that modifying cannabinoids as their corresponding acetate salts and adding them to e-cigarettes results in molecules with substructures highly similar to those found in vitamin E. Acetate vitamin E remains the primary suspect pathogen in the outbreak of EVALI. Additionally, there is evidence from 2020 that acetate vitamin E releases ketene in e-cigarettes.
In summary, Strongin stated that regulatory agencies, consumers, and those in the industry interested in reducing harm need to be aware that there are individuals creating risky products and readily offering them.
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