Nicotine Withdrawal and Junk Food Intake: A Study

Mar.28.2022
Nicotine Withdrawal and Junk Food Intake: A Study
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms vary and peak after 1-3 days, but psychological effects can persist. Quitting smoking often leads to increased junk food cravings.

According to a report by foreign media on March 27, 2022, it is well known that the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal vary from person to person, with some struggling more than others. However, these symptoms generally peak in the first 1-3 days of quitting smoking and gradually decrease over the course of 3-4 weeks. After this time, nicotine should be completely eliminated from one's system, but psychological effects often continue to persist.

 

When nicotine enters the bloodstream, it activates the reward and pleasure pathways in the brain by increasing the levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter responsible for feelings of well-being. It is known to affect areas in the brain that regulate breathing, memory (enhancing it), appetite, and heart rate. The brain quickly becomes addicted to this stimulating effect.

 

Additionally, smokers often turn to smoking when socializing with friends, feeling bored, or in need of a pick-me-up. Over time, this can cause the brain to associate smoking with pleasure, making it difficult to overcome psychological withdrawal symptoms even after overcoming physical nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

 

The physical symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.

 

When the nicotine receptors in the brain are suddenly deprived of nicotine, the release of dopamine decreases. This can naturally lead to an uncomfortable sensation and a strong craving for smoking, as the body has become accustomed to the need for dopamine release. The craving for nicotine can last for 5 to 30 minutes, can be very uncomfortable, and will only subside over time or with the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).

 

A recent study titled "Quitting Smoking Increases Junk Food Intake: The Role of Endogenous Opioid System" has been published in the Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence. The lead author of the study, Dr. Mustafa al'Absi, is a licensed psychologist and professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Bio-behavioral Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School. His team researched the brain functions responsible for addiction and appetite regulation, specifically examining the potential preference for junk food during nicotine withdrawal.

 

Researchers studied a group of smoking and non-smoking participants between the ages of 18 and 75. They were randomly assigned to quit using nicotine products for 24 hours and given either a placebo or 50mg of naltrexone. At the end of each session, participants were given snacks with varying calorie levels, salt, sugar, and fat content.

 

As expected, a research group has found that participants who quit smoking tend to choose foods that are high in calories, salt, fat, and sugar. The study observed the involvement of receptors in the brain's opioid system in this behavior. The study shows that food choices and consumption are influenced by smoking status (abstinence > occasional smokers or non-smokers; p < .05), opioid antagonists (naltrexone < placebo; p < .05), and gender (males > females; p < .05). These effects were confirmed for high-sugar and high-fat foods, but no differences were found in low-sugar and low-fat foods.

 

Researchers have concluded that the use of food, particularly high-calorie food, is often employed as a coping mechanism for the negative effects and discomfort experienced by individuals during the process of quitting smoking.

 

(Source: Vaping Post)

 


Disclaimer

This article is provided solely for professional research, industry discussion, and informational purposes. Any references to brands, companies, products, technologies, or policies are made for factual reporting and analytical purposes only, and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, promotion, or advertising by 2Firsts.

Nicotine-containing products, including but not limited to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and nicotine pouches, carry significant health risks. Readers are responsible for complying with all applicable laws and regulations in their respective jurisdictions, including age restrictions and access limitations.

The information contained in this article should not be regarded as investment, legal, medical, regulatory, or commercial advice. While 2Firsts strives to ensure the accuracy and reliability of its content, it does not assume liability for any direct or indirect loss arising from errors, omissions, inaccuracies, or reliance on the information contained herein.

This article is not intended for individuals below the legal age for accessing tobacco or nicotine-related information in their jurisdiction.

 

Copyright Notice

This article is either original content produced by 2Firsts or content reproduced, translated, summarized, or adapted from third-party sources with attribution where applicable. The intellectual property rights of the original content remain with 2Firsts or the respective original rights holders.

No individual or organization may copy, reproduce, distribute, republish, modify, translate, or otherwise use this content without prior authorization. Any unauthorized use may result in legal action.

For copyright-related inquiries, corrections, or removal requests, please contact: info@2firsts.com.

 

AI-Assisted Translation and Editing Notice

Portions of this article may have been translated, edited, or reviewed with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools to improve efficiency and readability. Due to the limitations of AI-assisted translation and editing, discrepancies, omissions, or inaccuracies may exist when compared with the original source.

Where applicable, readers are advised to refer to the original source for the most complete and accurate information. If you identify any errors or believe that any content infringes upon your rights, please contact us at info@2firsts.com, and we will review and address the matter promptly.

EU Tobacco Tax Reform Targets November Push as Sweden Holds Nicotine-Pouch Minimum at €20 per Kilogram
EU Tobacco Tax Reform Targets November Push as Sweden Holds Nicotine-Pouch Minimum at €20 per Kilogram
The Irish presidency of the Council of the European Union is using bilateral talks to push the bloc’s Tobacco Taxation Directive toward a political agreement in November. According to Law360, citing an EU official, Sweden is unwilling to accept a minimum excise threshold above €20 per kilogram for nicotine pouches. Council negotiations have already lowered the European Commission’s original proposal, but a May 2026 presidency compromise still set the minimum at 10% of the tax-inclusive retail price or €30 per kilogram in 2028-29, with higher levels later.
Market
Sep.17 by 2Firsts Perspectives
Australia-China Operation Dismantles Tobacco Smuggling Network: 112 Containers, 60 Arrests and A$92 Million in Illicit Tobacco
Australia-China Operation Dismantles Tobacco Smuggling Network: 112 Containers, 60 Arrests and A$92 Million in Illicit Tobacco
According to The Maritime Executive on August 19, 2026, the Australian Border Force (ABF) and China’s Anti-Smuggling Bureau of General Administration of China Customs worked together to dismantle an international illicit tobacco smuggling network targeting Australia. According to information released by ABF on August 20, sustained information sharing and cooperation led to investigations into 112 shipping containers, with 91 found to contain illicit tobacco. Authorities seized more than 60 million cigarettes and 60 kilograms of loose-leaf tobacco, representing more than A$92 million in unpaid duties. More than 60 people suspected of involvement in the network were arrested in China.
Aug.20
Wall Street Journal: U.S. FDA Plans Faster Vape and Nicotine Pouch Reviews, Revisit of 2021 PMTA Rule
Wall Street Journal: U.S. FDA Plans Faster Vape and Nicotine Pouch Reviews, Revisit of 2021 PMTA Rule
The Trump administration is preparing changes intended to accelerate FDA market authorization reviews for e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches, according to The Wall Street Journal. The FDA is expected to revisit its 2021 PMTA rule and may simplify some scientific study requirements and shorten review times. The agency has not formally announced the changes. Over the past year, the FDA has already accelerated nicotine-pouch reviews, expanded ENDS authorizations and upgraded its CTP Portal NextGen application system. As of August 2026, 43 nicotine pouch products and 48 e-cigarette products had received FDA marketing authorization.
Sep.24
Product | JNR Launches Crown Shisha 100K for International Wholesale, Pairing 58ml Capacity With Triple-Mesh DTL Design
Product | JNR Launches Crown Shisha 100K for International Wholesale, Pairing 58ml Capacity With Triple-Mesh DTL Design
JNR released the Crown Shisha 100K on August 14, 2026, positioning the ultra-high-capacity disposable around a direct-to-lung (DTL) e-shisha experience. The device combines a 58ml e-liquid capacity, triple 1.0Ω mesh coils and a 1,300mAh rechargeable battery, with JNR claiming up to 100,000 puffs. Adjustable airflow, battery and e-liquid status displays, a leather-style exterior and a shisha-inspired sound effect further differentiate the product. JNR is currently promoting the device through international wholesale and distribution channels, while a specific first retail market has not been disclosed.
Aug.31
Product | PMI Launches ZYN Melts in UK, Extending ZYN Beyond Nicotine Pouches Into Dissolvable Tablets
Product | PMI Launches ZYN Melts in UK, Extending ZYN Beyond Nicotine Pouches Into Dissolvable Tablets
Philip Morris International (PMI) has launched ZYN Melts in the UK, introducing a fully dissolvable oral nicotine tablet format alongside the brand's existing nicotine pouches. The range includes Cool Mint and Peppermint, each offered at 1mg and 2mg of nicotine per tablet, creating four SKUs. Each can contains 20 tablets and is priced at £6.50 in the UK. Unlike ZYN nicotine pouches, Melts are placed between the upper lip and gum and dissolve completely during use.
News
Sep.29 by 2Firsts Perspectives
Florida Governor DeSantis Expands TANF Restrictions, Blocking Welfare Benefits From Buying Tobacco and Vapes
Florida Governor DeSantis Expands TANF Restrictions, Blocking Welfare Benefits From Buying Tobacco and Vapes
Florida Governor Ron DeSantis announced an expansion of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) restrictions that would prohibit Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) funds from being used to purchase tobacco and vaping products. The state will amend its TANF State Plan and submit the changes for federal approval. Florida officials said the restrictions would not affect eligibility for temporary cash assistance or the amount of benefits received, but would change how funds can be spent.
Aug.25