Nicotine Withdrawal and Junk Food Intake: A Study

Mar.28.2022
Nicotine Withdrawal and Junk Food Intake: A Study
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms vary and peak after 1-3 days, but psychological effects can persist. Quitting smoking often leads to increased junk food cravings.

According to a report by foreign media on March 27, 2022, it is well known that the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal vary from person to person, with some struggling more than others. However, these symptoms generally peak in the first 1-3 days of quitting smoking and gradually decrease over the course of 3-4 weeks. After this time, nicotine should be completely eliminated from one's system, but psychological effects often continue to persist.

 

When nicotine enters the bloodstream, it activates the reward and pleasure pathways in the brain by increasing the levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter responsible for feelings of well-being. It is known to affect areas in the brain that regulate breathing, memory (enhancing it), appetite, and heart rate. The brain quickly becomes addicted to this stimulating effect.

 

Additionally, smokers often turn to smoking when socializing with friends, feeling bored, or in need of a pick-me-up. Over time, this can cause the brain to associate smoking with pleasure, making it difficult to overcome psychological withdrawal symptoms even after overcoming physical nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

 

The physical symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.

 

When the nicotine receptors in the brain are suddenly deprived of nicotine, the release of dopamine decreases. This can naturally lead to an uncomfortable sensation and a strong craving for smoking, as the body has become accustomed to the need for dopamine release. The craving for nicotine can last for 5 to 30 minutes, can be very uncomfortable, and will only subside over time or with the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).

 

A recent study titled "Quitting Smoking Increases Junk Food Intake: The Role of Endogenous Opioid System" has been published in the Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence. The lead author of the study, Dr. Mustafa al'Absi, is a licensed psychologist and professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Bio-behavioral Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School. His team researched the brain functions responsible for addiction and appetite regulation, specifically examining the potential preference for junk food during nicotine withdrawal.

 

Researchers studied a group of smoking and non-smoking participants between the ages of 18 and 75. They were randomly assigned to quit using nicotine products for 24 hours and given either a placebo or 50mg of naltrexone. At the end of each session, participants were given snacks with varying calorie levels, salt, sugar, and fat content.

 

As expected, a research group has found that participants who quit smoking tend to choose foods that are high in calories, salt, fat, and sugar. The study observed the involvement of receptors in the brain's opioid system in this behavior. The study shows that food choices and consumption are influenced by smoking status (abstinence > occasional smokers or non-smokers; p < .05), opioid antagonists (naltrexone < placebo; p < .05), and gender (males > females; p < .05). These effects were confirmed for high-sugar and high-fat foods, but no differences were found in low-sugar and low-fat foods.

 

Researchers have concluded that the use of food, particularly high-calorie food, is often employed as a coping mechanism for the negative effects and discomfort experienced by individuals during the process of quitting smoking.

 

(Source: Vaping Post)

 


Disclaimer

This article is provided solely for professional research, industry discussion, and informational purposes. Any references to brands, companies, products, technologies, or policies are made for factual reporting and analytical purposes only, and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, promotion, or advertising by 2Firsts.

Nicotine-containing products, including but not limited to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and nicotine pouches, carry significant health risks. Readers are responsible for complying with all applicable laws and regulations in their respective jurisdictions, including age restrictions and access limitations.

The information contained in this article should not be regarded as investment, legal, medical, regulatory, or commercial advice. While 2Firsts strives to ensure the accuracy and reliability of its content, it does not assume liability for any direct or indirect loss arising from errors, omissions, inaccuracies, or reliance on the information contained herein.

This article is not intended for individuals below the legal age for accessing tobacco or nicotine-related information in their jurisdiction.

 

Copyright Notice

This article is either original content produced by 2Firsts or content reproduced, translated, summarized, or adapted from third-party sources with attribution where applicable. The intellectual property rights of the original content remain with 2Firsts or the respective original rights holders.

No individual or organization may copy, reproduce, distribute, republish, modify, translate, or otherwise use this content without prior authorization. Any unauthorized use may result in legal action.

For copyright-related inquiries, corrections, or removal requests, please contact: info@2firsts.com.

 

AI-Assisted Translation and Editing Notice

Portions of this article may have been translated, edited, or reviewed with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools to improve efficiency and readability. Due to the limitations of AI-assisted translation and editing, discrepancies, omissions, or inaccuracies may exist when compared with the original source.

Where applicable, readers are advised to refer to the original source for the most complete and accurate information. If you identify any errors or believe that any content infringes upon your rights, please contact us at info@2firsts.com, and we will review and address the matter promptly.

Product | BAT Expands VELO Peach Ice Medium to FamilyMart Stores Nationwide in Japan
Product | BAT Expands VELO Peach Ice Medium to FamilyMart Stores Nationwide in Japan
British American Tobacco Japan (BAT Japan) expanded VELO Peach Ice Medium to FamilyMart stores nationwide in Japan from September 7, 2026. The oral tobacco product first launched on July 6 and had previously been sold through VELO's official online store, glo Store Ginza and tobacco retailers. It combines peach flavor with menthol cooling at a Medium strength level and is priced at JPY 360. Japanese tobacco retailers list 15 pouches per pack. The move adds the new SKU to an existing nationwide FamilyMart distribution network for VELO rather than marking the brand's first entry into the convenience-store chain.
Sep.15
Product | PIXL Adds 6ml PIXL 5K in UK Alongside 12ml PIXL 8000 as Vape Duty Takes Effect
Product | PIXL Adds 6ml PIXL 5K in UK Alongside 12ml PIXL 8000 as Vape Duty Takes Effect
Vaping brand PIXL has introduced the PIXL 5K reusable prefilled pod device in the UK, featuring a 2ml prefilled pod and a 4ml refill container with a combined e-liquid capacity of 6ml. The device uses 20mg/ml nicotine salt e-liquid and is advertised to deliver up to approximately 5,000 puffs. Available through UK retailers by August 2026, the PIXL 5K sits alongside the existing 12ml PIXL 8000. The UK's Vaping Products Duty took effect on October 1 at £0.22 per millilitre, producing theoretical duty amounts of £1.32 and £2.64 for the two products' respective full refill sets.
product
Oct.10
Germany Probes 7.6 Million Illegal Vape Case With Estimated €33.3 Million Tax Loss; Four Chinese Manufacturer Employees Under Investigation, Some Packaging in Enforcement Images Resembles FUMOT Products
Germany Probes 7.6 Million Illegal Vape Case With Estimated €33.3 Million Tax Loss; Four Chinese Manufacturer Employees Under Investigation, Some Packaging in Enforcement Images Resembles FUMOT Products
German prosecutors and customs authorities are conducting a criminal investigation into an alleged cross-border organised vape network. Authorities say that between January 2024 and March 2025, four employees of an unnamed Chinese e-cigarette manufacturer allegedly built a network of sales agents and wholesalers that brought more than 7.6 million nicotine disposable vapes into Germany, causing an estimated €33.3 million in excise-tax losses. The manufacturer has not been named. Some products visible in enforcement images have packaging resembling products from FUMOT’s portfolio. European regulatory records from 2024, FUMOT’s public overseas-sales materials and records involving German vape importer and distribution company Zamu-Pro GmbH also show FUMOT/RandM products and German distribution activity during the period covered by the investigation.
Sep.21
Iowa Sets November 16 Vape Directory Launch: Unlisted Products Face Sales Ban, Manufacturers $1,000 Daily Fines per Product
Iowa Sets November 16 Vape Directory Launch: Unlisted Products Face Sales Ban, Manufacturers $1,000 Daily Fines per Product
Iowa plans to publish its first vapor products directory on November 16, 2026, after which products not listed will be prohibited from sale or offer for sale in the state. The Department of Revenue expects to begin penalty enforcement on December 17, following an initial 21-business-day period focused on compliance education. Under House File 2677, retailers, distributors and wholesalers selling unlisted products face civil penalties of $300 per product per day, while manufacturers face $1,000 per product per day. Eligibility extends to FDA-authorized products and certain products meeting historical marketing and pending PMTA requirements. The directory program resumed after a federal appeals court vacated a preliminary injunction in July 2026.
Regulations
Nov.05
Product | JT Launches Three Autumn-Limited Ploom Tobacco Sticks in Japan Across EVO, MEVIUS and CAMEL Brands
Product | JT Launches Three Autumn-Limited Ploom Tobacco Sticks in Japan Across EVO, MEVIUS and CAMEL Brands
Japan Tobacco Inc. (JT) launched three limited-edition autumn tobacco sticks for its Ploom heated tobacco devices in Japan on October 16, 2026, under the EVO, MEVIUS and CAMEL brands. All three are regular tobacco variants with seasonal packaging. Each pack contains 20 sticks, priced at ¥620, ¥590 and ¥570, respectively, including tax. The products are compatible with all Ploom devices and are sold in limited quantities exclusively through the CLUB JT online store while supplies last.
product
Oct.20
Australia Extends Illicit Tobacco Crackdown From Tougher Penalties to Customs and Logistics Supply Chains
Australia Extends Illicit Tobacco Crackdown From Tougher Penalties to Customs and Logistics Supply Chains
Australia's federal government introduced a new illicit tobacco enforcement bill on September 10 that would strengthen evidentiary presumptions, representative sampling, seizure and forfeiture procedures, proceeds-of-crime powers and obligations for customs and logistics operators. The proposal follows the Combatting Illicit Tobacco Act 2026, which took effect in August and increased penalties while expanding investigative and asset-recovery tools. Together, the reforms extend Australia's crackdown from tougher criminal sanctions into import, logistics and evidentiary enforcement.
Sep.14