The Intersection of Regulation, Consumer Behavior and E-Cigarette Waste

Mar.24.2023
The Intersection of Regulation, Consumer Behavior and E-Cigarette Waste
Environmental impact of e-waste from ENDS presents challenges for public health innovation. Industry collaboration and regulation are necessary for sustainable solutions.

Electronic waste is an unintended consequence of the electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) revolution, and it has the potential to undermine public health innovations. This conversation explores the intersection of regulatory policies, consumer behavior, and the e-cigarette product industry, with the aim of charting a sustainable path forward.


In the following discussion, John Dunne of the UK Vaping Industry Association (UKVIA) presented the perspective of the electronic cigarette industry.


Pieter Vorster shared expert insights on the transformation of the global tobacco and nicotine industry.


Nicotine expert and health technology entrepreneur Sudhanshu Patwardhan (Sud) has proposed an expanded definition and scope for tobacco harm reduction (THR).


Patwardhan stated that in regulated countries such as the UK and EU, e-cigarettes are classified as waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Ideally, consumers in these countries should dispose of e-cigarettes at home recycling centers or at the store where they purchased the device, and manufacturers are required to provide recycling options. However, many consumers are unaware that disposable e-cigarettes can or should be recycled. Improper disposal of these items could potentially release plastic, electronic, and hazardous chemical waste into the environment and pose a fire hazard. How big of a problem is this, and does the industry have any sales and recycling comparison data available?


Dunne revealed that in the UK, approximately 459 million various types of electronic cigarettes are purchased each year, with 168 million, or 37% being single-use e-cigarettes. Around 43% of all e-cigarettes purchased are recycled, though this number may be significantly lower for single-use products.


When consumers purchase new electronic cigarettes, 23% of the devices are collected for recycling in-store, while 20% are collected for recycling at local government centers.


At first glance, the 43% recycling rate for e-cigarettes seems relatively good compared to the UK's 31.2% for disposed electrical and electronic devices in 2021. However, the relatively short lifespan of e-cigarette products means that they generate more waste.


Translation: Patwardhan expressed pleasure upon receiving the information. It is evident that there is still a gap between consumer behavior and the impact of e-cigarettes on the environment. Pieter, do you know of any good examples that industry players can refer to?


Woster explained that the three tobacco companies in the UK - BAT (Vuse Bar), Imperial (Blu Bar), and PMI (VEEBA) - who sell disposable e-cigarette products, advise customers not to dispose of them in household waste and instead offer free return services on their websites. This information is displayed on the product pages of these goods and is also provided in the packaging, which customers who do not purchase online need to read.


They were informed that the product should not be disposed of in household waste, but rather collected separately for recycling and reuse. The packaging insert also directs users to the manufacturer's website to learn more about their recycling program. However, it remains to be discussed whether consumers have actually read these inserts.


Independent brands in the UK are also stepping up their efforts to address the issue. Riot Bar and Blo Bar have launched comprehensive recycling programs, with Blo offering customers a free Blo Bar visit for every 10 disposable e-cigarettes of any brand returned for recycling. Additionally, most online retailers in the UK offer advice on how to properly dispose of and recycle e-cigarettes. The country's largest e-cigarette retailer, VPZ, has also announced that it will roll out a comprehensive recycling program in its stores by the end of March.


Patwardhan raises the question of whether manufacturers are truly providing consumers with recycling options, and if consumers are aware of these choices. It may be necessary for key players in the supply chain, including manufacturers and wider regulatory bodies, to educate users on their options. Should regulatory bodies intervene, or is action required from the industry itself? Perhaps both options are necessary, along with other solutions.


Dunne explains that the process of recycling e-cigarettes is not a straightforward one, as it requires cooperation between e-cigarette users, retailers, manufacturers, regulatory bodies, and waste management companies. These companies are involved in producer compliance schemes under current Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment regulations (WEEE). The e-cigarette industry is in communication with the UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the Office for Product Safety and Standards, and is calling for innovation within the industry to facilitate easier product recycling.


Patwardhan discussed an initiative that involves various stakeholders and is on the brink of another "VApril," which is a yearly event in the United Kingdom that highlights electronic cigarettes as a means of quitting smoking. The UK's health departments and charities have released a series of publications, including the 2016 Royal College of Physicians' "Nicotine without Smoke" report which identified e-cigarettes as a potentially helpful tool in smoking cessation. Given the current prevalence of adult smokers, e-cigarettes' tobacco harm reduction (THR) function is undoubtedly significant. However, the emergence of concerns regarding the environmental harm caused by disposable e-cigarettes presents unique challenges for public health and policy officials, doesn't it, Pieter?


Woster: That's right, Sud. Up to this point, those who oppose reducing tobacco harm have often relied on flawed science, which is unlikely to withstand rigorous evaluation, as demonstrated by the large number of retractions in recent years. On the other hand, the science related to the potential environmental and health risks of poorly handled reduced risk products is not subject to the same restrictions. In addition, there is a larger and more influential group of advocates who appeal emotionally to the depiction of "environmental harm" associated with these products. This could undermine the public health argument for tobacco harm reduction (THR). In other words, for those opposed to THR, it represents a useful weapon.


Patwardhan said, "I can see that there have been recent developments in Scotland where an environmental activist has emphasized the issue of e-cigarette litter. Additionally, a large UK supermarket chain has decided to stop selling disposable e-cigarettes which indicates a shift in public perception and attitude towards this product.


This narrative seems to be building an argument that disposable electronic cigarettes are harmful to the environment and therefore a failed venture. There is also a rumor that the users of disposable smoking devices are a younger demographic, potentially including underage individuals and those who have never smoked before. If true, this is certainly a problem that needs to be addressed through enhanced regulation, particularly in terms of preventing youth use, implementing mandatory recycling and refund programs, right?


Preventing the sale of electronic cigarettes to minors is one of the fundamental challenges facing the industry, according to Dunne. The group's members are united in their support for this goal. Recently, they updated their "Preventing Sales to Minors Guide," which provides retailers with all the information they need to avoid inadvertently selling to those under 18. However, government, regulatory agencies, and law enforcement support is needed to ensure that unscrupulous retailers who deliberately market to young people face comprehensive legal sanctions.


We believe it is necessary to increase fines for illicit traders, issue licenses for e-cigarette retailers, and establish a national mystery shopping program (usually involving employers hiring individuals as "secret shoppers" to experience a business's products or services and report back on their experiences and observations). In fact, the UKVIA's Youth Access Prevention Working Group will be presenting these recommendations to regulatory authorities later this month. In regards to e-waste, the industry also recognizes its environmental responsibility and we are currently working with regulatory authorities, waste management experts, product manufacturers, and retailers to find feasible solutions.


Patwardhan said this is a fascinating discussion that has revealed the immense potential for positive public health impacts from innovative nicotine products in the 21st century. However, this potential has been hampered by a critical intersection in global public policy, namely sustainability and the environment. The solution may lie in responsible practices from industry and retailers, better regulation and enforcement, as well as consumer adoption of electronic waste management solutions instead of prohibition. In fact, all stakeholders including industry, regulators, public health officials and consumers need to embrace positive electronic waste management as another opportunity to mitigate the harms from tobacco and nicotine product transitions and maximize the social benefits of changes in consumer behavior.



Disclaimer

This article is provided solely for professional research, industry discussion, and informational purposes. Any references to brands, companies, products, technologies, or policies are made for factual reporting and analytical purposes only, and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, promotion, or advertising by 2Firsts.

Nicotine-containing products, including but not limited to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and nicotine pouches, carry significant health risks. Readers are responsible for complying with all applicable laws and regulations in their respective jurisdictions, including age restrictions and access limitations.

The information contained in this article should not be regarded as investment, legal, medical, regulatory, or commercial advice. While 2Firsts strives to ensure the accuracy and reliability of its content, it does not assume liability for any direct or indirect loss arising from errors, omissions, inaccuracies, or reliance on the information contained herein.

This article is not intended for individuals below the legal age for accessing tobacco or nicotine-related information in their jurisdiction.

 

Copyright Notice

This article is either original content produced by 2Firsts or content reproduced, translated, summarized, or adapted from third-party sources with attribution where applicable. The intellectual property rights of the original content remain with 2Firsts or the respective original rights holders.

No individual or organization may copy, reproduce, distribute, republish, modify, translate, or otherwise use this content without prior authorization. Any unauthorized use may result in legal action.

For copyright-related inquiries, corrections, or removal requests, please contact: info@2firsts.com.

 

AI-Assisted Translation and Editing Notice

Portions of this article may have been translated, edited, or reviewed with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools to improve efficiency and readability. Due to the limitations of AI-assisted translation and editing, discrepancies, omissions, or inaccuracies may exist when compared with the original source.

Where applicable, readers are advised to refer to the original source for the most complete and accurate information. If you identify any errors or believe that any content infringes upon your rights, please contact us at info@2firsts.com, and we will review and address the matter promptly.

FDA Renews Exposure Modification Authorization for IQOS Devices and Three HeatSticks Products
FDA Renews Exposure Modification Authorization for IQOS Devices and Three HeatSticks Products
U.S. Food and Drug Administration renewed modified risk granted orders for five IQOS products from Philip Morris Products S.A., including two IQOS system holders and chargers and three HeatSticks products. Under the renewed orders, the products may continue to be marketed with an exposure modification claim.
Apr.20 by 2FIRSTS.ai
EU Novel Tobacco Regulation Trends and Business Response | Guest Contribution by a European Legal and Compliance Expert
EU Novel Tobacco Regulation Trends and Business Response | Guest Contribution by a European Legal and Compliance Expert
Carlos Cabrera, founder of CabLab Law & Advocacy, contributes this article to 2Firsts, arguing that the EU’s evolving approach to novel tobacco regulation may unintentionally reinforce cigarette use by narrowing alternatives. He warns companies to watch signals on flavours, labelling, traceability, nicotine pouch rules and digital marketing, while grounding business decisions in realistic timelines, compliance planning and continuous monitoring.
Apr.22
FDA Defines Enforcement Focus for Unauthorized E-Cigarettes and Nicotine Pouches
FDA Defines Enforcement Focus for Unauthorized E-Cigarettes and Nicotine Pouches
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued guidance on May 8, 2026, titled “Enforcement Priorities for Certain New Tobacco Products Marketed Without Premarket Authorization.” The document describes FDA enforcement policies for certain electronic nicotine delivery system products and nicotine pouch products marketed without premarket authorization.
May.09 by 2FIRSTS.ai
Israel’s Finance Ministry Advances New Tax Plan for Vapes, Tobacco Pouches and Nicotine Pouches
Israel’s Finance Ministry Advances New Tax Plan for Vapes, Tobacco Pouches and Nicotine Pouches
Israel’s Finance Ministry is advancing a new bill to tax e-cigarettes, tobacco pouches and nicotine pouches. According to the report, once approved by the Knesset Finance Committee, the initiative would only require the signature of Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich to take effect. The plan would lower the tax on vape liquid while introducing new taxes on vape devices and on tobacco and nicotine pouches.
Apr.22 by 2FIRSTS.ai
Japan Tobacco Q1 2026 Financial Results: Revenue at $5.914 Billion,RRP Revenue Up 63.8% YoY
Japan Tobacco Q1 2026 Financial Results: Revenue at $5.914 Billion,RRP Revenue Up 63.8% YoY
Japanese Tobacco (JT) reports Q1 2026 revenue of 924 billion yen, a 15.2% increase; operating profit rises 24.7%.
May.08 by 2FIRSTS.ai
KT&G Q1 2026 Financial Results: Revenue at $1.156 Billion, E-Cigarettes to Launch Independent Overseas Expansion
KT&G Q1 2026 Financial Results: Revenue at $1.156 Billion, E-Cigarettes to Launch Independent Overseas Expansion
KT&G reports a 27.6% increase in Q1 operating profit, with traditional and new tobacco sectors driving growth.
May.07 by 2FIRSTS.ai